Kubera ko isoko ry’inkweto ku isi rikomeje kwiyongera mu gukenera ibikoresho bikora neza, byoroshye kandi by’icyatsi kibisi, umwenda wa PK udakoze mu budodo, nk’icyiciro cy’ibikoresho bikora neza kandi bikozwe mu budodo, urimo kuzamuka vuba uva mu bikoresho gakondo bifasha mu budodo, ukaba ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu nganda z’inkweto. Ushingiye ku mikorere yawo myiza, uburyo ukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye n’inyungu zitangaje ku giciro, urimo gutera imbere mu kuvugurura ibikoresho by’inkweto. Inganda zigezweho zigaragaza iterambere ry’ “gushyira imbere imikorere, gukwirakwiza ikoreshwa no kuvugurura ibidukikije”, kandi uzakomeza kongera imiterere yawo mu nganda z’inkweto zikora neza kandi zigezweho mu gihe kizaza, ushyiremo imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’inganda z’inkweto ku isi.

Igitambaro cya PK kidafunze, kizwi kandi nka polyester knitted nonwoven fabric, ni inkweto zihariye zikozwe muri polyester idahumanya ibidukikije (PET) nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, bikozwe binyuze mu buryo bugezweho bwo gupfunyika cyangwa gushyushya. Bitandukanye n'imyenda gakondo iboshye isaba kuzunguruka no kuboha, nta mwenda woroshye n'ubudodo, wemerera gukata no gukora neza, kandi wakoreshejwe cyane mu bice bitandukanye by'inganda z'inkweto, uba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora inkweto zigezweho.

Iterambere ry'imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga rigenda ritera imbere

Isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu

Imiterere y’Itumizwa mu Mahanga n’Iyoherezwa mu mahanga: Nk’umucuruzi ukomeye w’imyenda idafite ubudodo ya PK ikoreshwa mu nkweto, Ubushinwa bwabonye iterambere rirambye mu ngano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu myaka yashize. Mu 2024, agaciro k’imyenda idafite ubudodo ya PK ikoreshwa mu mahanga yageze kuri miliyoni 380 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ahanini yagurishijwe muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, Uburayi na Amerika y’Epfo. Biteganijwe ko igipimo cyo kohereza mu mahanga kizagera kuri miliyoni 550 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2026. Ibitumizwa mu mahanga ahanini ni ibikoresho bishyushya cyane n’inyongera zidasanzwe, bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo mu mahanga.

Isoko Mpuzamahanga

Kwaguka kw'ingano y'isoko: Biteganyijwe ko mu 2026, ingano y'isoko ku isi y'imyenda idafite imbogo ya PK izagera kuri miliyari 140 z'amadolari y'Amerika, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro ku mwaka kirenga 6%. Muri 2024, ingano y'isoko ku isi y'imyenda idafite imbogo ya PK izagera kuri miliyari 18 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kandi byitezwe ko izakomeza kugira umuvuduko mwinshi w'izamuka bitewe n'icyerekezo cy'ikoreshwa ry'imyenda idafite imbogo ku isi.

Itandukaniro mu mikurire y’Akarere: Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika, cyane cyane Ubushinwa n’Ubuhinde, gafite ubushobozi bwo gukura cyane, aho iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikora inkweto rituma hakenerwa imyenda idafite ubudodo bwa PK ryiyongera. Amerika ya Ruguru n’Uburayi, bishingiye ku masoko y’inkweto zigezweho kandi zikenewe cyane ku bikoresho bikora, bigaragaza iterambere rihamye, aho ingano y’izamuka ry’umwaka iri hagati ya 9% na 13%. Nubwo ingano y’isoko muri Amerika y’Epfo na Afurika ari nto, rifite igipimo cyo gukura kiri hejuru, kikaba inkingi nshya y’iterambere ry’isoko mpuzamahanga.

Ingano iri hagati y'ikiguzi n'imikorere (Ibande ku byiza, imikorere n'ikoreshwa)

I. Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Ibiranga by'ingenzi bihuye n'inganda zikora inkweto

1. Kugura amafaranga menshi: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni fibre ya polyester ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa, ifite ikiguzi gito cyo gukora ugereranyije n'imyenda gakondo y'ipamba n'uruhu nyarwo. Umusaruro uhagije ni mwinshi, uhaza ibyo amasosiyete y'inkweto akeneye mu gukora inkweto, mu gihe bifasha amasosiyete kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera imikorere cyane.

2. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza: Mu guhindura uburyo bwo gukora, ubunini n'ingano ya fibre, ishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye kuva ku bikoresho bito bifatanye kugeza ku bikoresho binini bishyigikira, bigahura neza n'ibikenewe mu bice bitandukanye by'inkweto, nko hejuru, imbere n'ururimi rw'inkweto.

3. Yoroheje kandi iraryoshye: Ugereranyije n'inkweto za kawunga n'uruhu, umwenda wa PK udakoze mu budodo ungana ni woroshye, ufasha inkweto kugera ku miterere "yoroheje", bigabanya umutwaro w'ibirenge no kunoza uburyo bwo kwambara neza, ibi bikaba bikwiriye cyane cyane inkweto za siporo n'inkweto zisanzwe.

4. Gutunganya byoroshye no kurengera ibidukikije: Ntibipfa gushwanyagurika byoroshye mu gihe cyo gukata, kandi bihura neza n'imigozi n'ubudodo, bihura neza n'uburyo bwo guhuza no gufatanya inkweto, bigagabanya imyanda y'umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, nta azobenzene irimo, ibyuma biremereye cyangwa formaldehyde, idahumanya, ntiryoha kandi yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'isi ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije ku bikoresho by'inkweto.

II. Imikorere y'ingenzi: Kuzuza ibisabwa mu mikorere y'inkweto

1. Ingufu nziza cyane za mekanike: Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera no kudacika. Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'icyuma cyo hejuru cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru rw'inka, ishobora kwihanganira gukururana no gukandagira igihe kirekire mu gihe cyo kugenda buri munsi, bigatuma inkweto zimara igihe kinini. Ingufu zayo nyinshi n'ubudacika bwayo bituma ikoreshwa mu bice biramba nk'amano n'inkweto.

2. Guhumeka neza no kwinjiza amazi: Imiterere yihariye ifite imyenge ikorwa no gushyushya cyangwa guhuza ibintu bikozwe mu buryo butuma umwuka utembera neza, yihutisha ubushuhe, igabanya ibyuya mu birenge, kandi igatuma imbere mu nkweto haguma humutse kandi neza, bigatuma inkweto zambarwa igihe kirekire.

3. Irwanya cyane ikirere: Irwanya neza imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe buke, ntiyoroshye kwangirika cyangwa gushonga bitewe n'ingaruka z'ibidukikije, kandi ishobora guhaza ibisabwa mu gukoresha inkweto mu turere dutandukanye tw'ikirere hirya no hino ku isi.

4. Gukomera mu buryo buhamye: Nyuma yo kumesa cyangwa kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, ifite umuvuduko muto wo kugabanuka, ishobora kugumana imiterere y'umwimerere y'inkweto, kandi ikarinda ububabare buterwa no guhinduka kw'ibikoresho, bigatuma inkweto zikwirana igihe kirekire.

III. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi: Gupfuka ibice byinshi by'inkweto

1. Ifite isano n'iyo hejuru: Ikora nk'"urwego rwo gukomeza" ku mpande zo hejuru, ikoreshwa ahantu hakunze kwangirika nko ku mano y'inkweto n'agatsinsino kugira ngo yongere imbaraga z'imiterere no gukumira kwangirika. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo hejuru byoroshye, hamwe n'imyenda iboshye n'iy'ubudodo kugira ngo yongere umwuka mwiza n'imbaraga by'izo hejuru, kandi zimwe mu myenda ya PK ishobora gucapa ku giti cyazo kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu miterere y'imideli.

2. Ibikoresho by'inkweto: Bikora nk' "igitambaro gishyigikira" ururimi rw'inkweto n'imbere, byongera ubukana bw'ibikoresho mu gihe bikomeza guhumeka neza. Bikoreshwa kandi nk'ibikoresho bihambira ku mwenge w'inkweto n'ahantu h'amaso, bigabanya kwangirika kw'imyenda ku ruhu no kunoza uburyo bwo kwambara.

3. Imbere n'imbere: Ikora nk'"urwego rwo hagati" rw'imbere, ihuza impande n'inyuma kugira ngo yongere umusego w'imbere n'aho hejuru hahurira ibintu. Nk'"interlining ifata ubushuhe" ku bice by'imbere, ishobora guhita ifata ibyuya by'ibirenge, ikarinda imbere h'inkweto humutse, kandi ikirinda impumuro zidasanzwe, zijyanye n'isuku ikoreshwa mu nkweto.

Politiki n'ibikenewe biragaragara, kandi imiterere y'ibidukikije iba ingenzi mu guhangana

Inkunga ikomeye ya politiki yatumye inganda zikoresha inkweto za PK zidafunze neza. Gahunda y’ibikorwa byo kunoza ubuziranenge bw’inganda zifunze neza (2023-2025) mu Bushinwa ishyigikira iterambere ry’ibikoresho bidafunze neza n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha fibre, itanga garanti yo kuvugurura inganda zifunze neza za PK.

Ibyifuzo by’abaguzi ku ruhande rw’abaguzi byakomeje kwiyongera. 67% by’abaguzi biteguye kwishyura igiciro cya 5% cyangwa kirenga ku nkweto zikozwe mu bikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije. Ibirango mpuzamahanga by’inkweto nka Nike na Adidas byongereye cyane igipimo cy’imyenda idafite imbogo ya PK mu miyoboro yazo. Mu 2024, igipimo cy’imyenda ya polyester yasubiwemo mu mwenda udafite imbogo wa PK wageze kuri 40%, kandi iki gipimo kizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza.

Umwanzuro

Muri iki gihe, umwenda wa PK udakoze mu inkweto uri mu gihe cy'ingenzi cyo "kongera imikorere, kwagura uburyo bwo kuwukoresha no kongera ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije". Ibyiza byawo mu mikorere, ikiguzi no kurengera ibidukikije byatumye uba amahitamo akomeye ku bigo bikora inkweto kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro, byongere imikorere myiza kandi birusheho kunoza ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa.

Ku bigo by’inganda, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije no kubyaza umusaruro imikorere, no gukomeza kunoza agaciro k’ibicuruzwa n’ingaruka zabyo binyuze mu kuvugurura ibikoresho fatizo n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Mu gihe kizaza, imyenda ya PK idafunze ntabwo izaba ibikoresho by’ingenzi gusa mu gukora inkweto, ahubwo izanagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’inkweto. Biteganijwe ko isoko mpuzamahanga ry’inganda rizarenga miliyari 180 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2028, ritangiza uruziga rushya rw’iterambere.